Call for papers open now!
On December 1st, CSC researcher Jingxuan Guo successfully defended her PhD entitled:
The representation of terrorism in Chinese media:
Researching frames and news values through computer-assisted and comparative approaches
Supervisors: Prof. dr. Jelle Mast (VUB) & Prof. dr. Rik Vosters (VUB)
Congratulations, Dr. Guo!
Verschenen in Bruzz, 9 juli 2022
https://www.bruzz.be/wetenschap/chinees-brussel-anders-dan-antwerpen-2022-07-09
(c) Sara De Sloover
Onderzoekster Rui Guo vergeleek voor haar doctoraat Chinees in het straatbeeld van de Chinese buurten van Brussel en Antwerpen, en merkte dat het taalgebruik veel van elkaar verschilt. Dat komt omdat de migratie naar Brussel jonger en diverser is, en de Chinese inwijkelingen in de Dansaertbuurt inspelen op hun veel diversere publiek. Brussel blijkt trouwens ook een tweede, veel meer verborgen, Chinatown te hebben.
Op een hoek van de Zwarte Lieve Vrouwestraat, het verlengde van de Lakensestraat, steekt een Chinese bootsteven uit de gevel. Klassiek Chinees restaurant, denk je dan op het eerste gezicht, maar dan blijkt het eethuis ‘Ninja House’ te heten en zichzelf als Japans restaurant aan te prijzen, met ‘sushi en grill à volonté’.
“Een typisch voorbeeld van gelaagde migratie,” noemt Rik Vosters dat. “Dit was een van de eerste Chinese restaurants in Brussel. Het werd in 1976 opgericht door een migrant uit Indonesië met roots in het zuiden van China. Daarna werd de zaak overgenomen door Chinezen van het vasteland die er een Japans restaurant van hebben gemaakt, omdat sushi nu beter in de markt ligt, maar ze hebben één vitrine intact gehouden die verwijst naar hun roots.”
Wijzend op een van de ramen: “Daar kun je het oude logo en de oude naam nog zien: Au Thé de Pékin in het Frans, of ‘Fijn en sprankelend’ in het Chinees.”
Vosters is verbonden aan de vakgroep Linguistics and Literary Studies van de VUB, waar hij professor sociolinguïstiek is. Samen met een collega van de Universiteit Antwerpen is hij promotor van de Chinese onderzoekster Rui Guo bij het doctoraat dat ze dit voorjaar afwerkte. Voor When chopsticks meet forks: A linguistic landscape study on Chinese communities in multilingual Antwerp and Brussels heeft Guo (31) gekeken naar verschillen in het taalgebruik van Chinese ondernemers in beide steden.
“Antwerpen en Brussel hebben de grootste Chinese gemeenschappen in België,” zegt Vosters die ons rondleidt in het Brusselse ‘Chinatown’, omdat Guo intussen terug in China is. “Toch zien de wijken er heel anders uit. Antwerpen heeft de oudste etnisch Chinese buurt, en die volgt een meer traditioneel patroon. Het waren vooral Kantoneestaligen uit het zuiden van China die via de Antwerpse haven arriveerden en in die periode over de hele wereld zijn uitgezwermd.”
Het eerste Chinese restaurant in België, Wah Kel – vrij te vertalen als ‘Chinese emigranten’ – opende zo al in 1923 de deuren in het Antwerpse Schipperskwartier. Het etablissement, dat zich oorspronkelijk vooral op Chinese zeelieden richtte, bestaat honderd jaar later nog altijd.
De migratie van Chinezen naar de Dansaertwijk is recenter en veel diverser. In de jaren zeventig en tachtig kwamen er vluchtelingen van Kantonese origine uit Vietnam of Indonesië, maar er zijn ook veel recentere migranten van de Chinese (zuid)oostkust, en er is ook studiemigratie. Vosters: “De eerste Chinese migranten kwamen naar de Dansaertwijk toen dit nog een heel vervallen buurt was. Zij kochten de goedkope panden op.”
Zeker vanaf de jaren negentig werd de Dansaertbuurt hipper, en begon ze een Nederlandstaliger en internationaler publiek aan te spreken. Tegelijk verlieten grote aantallen Chinezen hun land. “De Chinese migratie naar Brussel is veel diverser, veel internationaler dan die naar Antwerpen, en weerspiegelt zo de algemene migratie naar Brussel,” vult Vosters’ collega Jianwei Xu van de minor Chinees aan de VUB aan.
De Chinese restaurateurs en winkeliers vormden hun wijk veel meer dan in Antwerpen om tot “een buurt met pan-Aziatische kenmerken,” noemt Guo het. Om dat met een concreet voorbeeld uit te leggen, wijst Jianwei Xu op het uithangbord van een restaurant in de Visverkopersstraat.
‘Restaurant Chinois-Thai Xu Ji Feng Wei’ staat er, vergezeld van Chinese karakters. De eigenaars laten zo meteen hun Chinese wortels zien, maar spelen ook in op het internationale karakter van de buurt.
Xu: “Ze hebben voor traditionele Chinese karakters gekozen, niet de vereenvoudigde die de Communistische Volksrepubliek in de jaren vijftig introduceerde om de alfabetiseringsgraad op te krikken. Daarmee willen ze inclusief zijn en ook toeristen uit plekken als bijvoorbeeld Taiwan, Hongkong of Macau aanspreken, waar ze de traditionele karakters nog steeds gebruiken.”
“Terwijl de karakters voor alle Chinezen begrijpelijk zijn, vertegenwoordigt de fonetische weergave in Latijns schrift daaronder, ‘Xu Ji Feng Wei’, dan weer typische klanken uit het Mandarijn van het Chinese vasteland.”
Vosters: “Ze promoten het als een ‘restaurant chinois-thai’, omdat de Thaise keuken nu natuurlijk hipper is bij westerlingen en meer geld in het laatje brengt dan de Chinese. Er zijn wel meer zulke ‘Thaise’ of ‘Vietnamese’ restaurants in de buurt. Dat zie je trouwens ook bij Pakistanen die Indiase restaurants uitbaten.”
“In het Engels zie je ‘soup noodles, fried noodles’ staan, dan zijn er de traditionele Chinese karakters en de omzetting van klanken uit de Volksrepubliek in een Latijns schrift. Ze proberen met elk van die systemen verschillende publieken aan te trekken. Want de opschriften zijn geen letterlijke vertalingen van elkaar.”
Xu: “In het Chinees staat er: ‘De smaak van Xu’, en met de karakters en klanken appeleren ze aan een heel breed Chinees publiek. In het Frans proberen ze met dat Thais nog een breder publiek aan te trekken.”
Inspelen op zulke trends doen wel meer handige Chinese ondernemers in de Dansaertwijk, waar door de gentrificatie al een behoorlijk aantal Chinese handelszaken het loodje hebben gelegd. De eigenaars van het Ninja House kozen voor een Japans imago, net als die van Super Dragon Toys in de Sint-Katelijnestraat: een ‘specialiste en Japanimation’, een winkel gespecialiseerd in typisch Japanse cultuur zoals strips en videogames. Toch: de Aziatische karakters op de gevel zijn opnieuw traditioneel Chinees. Ook de aangeboden ‘vêtements chinois’ verraden de oorsprong van de eigenaars.
Met de meertalige teksten op hun façades proberen handelszaken die zich al dan niet nadrukkelijk als Chinees afficheren, verschillende doelgroepen te bereiken. Want die hebben vaak een heel ander referentiekader, merken we om de hoek in de Paul Delvauxstraat, bij restaurant Au Bon Bol. Xu: “In het Chinees staat er niet hetzelfde. Er staat ‘handgemaakte noedels uit Lanzhou’. Lanzhou is een plek in het westen van China die bekend staat om haar artisanale noedels, die iedere Chinees kent.”
Vosters: “Voor een Chinees publiek spelen ze een traditionele regionale specialiteit uit, in het Frans kent niemand dat toch. Maar die vrouw staat hier altijd voor het raam haar noedels te maken, en dat trekt wel toeristen aan.”
Voor niet-Chineestaligen roepen de Chineestalige uithangborden, slogans en menukaarten authenticiteit op, en dat wekt vertrouwen. Op de Dansaertstraat wijst Vosters op de vitrine van de theezaak van een Belgisch-Nepalees koppel.
“De namen van die theesoorten en de omzetting ervan in Chinese karakters zeggen ons niets, het overtuigt klanten alleen dat het om authentieke Chinese thee gaat. Het gaat niet om wat er rechtstreeks staat, maar om wat de teksten onrechtstreeks uitdragen met het imago dat ze oproepen.”
Eigenlijk is er nog een tweede ‘Chinatown’ in Brussel, beschrijft Guo in haar doctoraat: in de Barawijk aan het Zuidstation, dat in het begin van deze eeuw is ontstaan. Alleen is de Chinese migratie daar helemaal niet zichtbaar. Vosters: “Ik woon er al jaren in de buurt, maar ik wist dat niet. Veel van de textielgroothandel in die buurt blijkt in Chinese handen, en dat is weer een heel ander migratiepatroon.”
De Chinezen in Anderlecht, ontdekte Guo in haar interviews, proberen hun afkomst juist te verhullen, vanwege de minder positieve connotatie van ‘Made in China’ bij kleding. De meeste van hen geven hun bedrijven neutraal of zelfs Italiaans klinkende namen en gebruiken geen Chinese karakters. Eén eigenaar noemde zijn zaak Benda’s Moda, waarbij Benda staat voor twee deeltjes van de karakters die ‘intrinsiek welvarend’ betekenen. Xu: “Een knipoog van de eigenaar om er toch iets Chinees in te stoppen, zonder dat het weegt op de verkoop.” (lacht)
https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2022/06/09/perifere-regios-stuwden-de-nederlandse-taal-vooruit-a4132985
https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2022/06/09/perifere-regios-stuwden-de-nederlandse-taal-vooruit-a4132985
Taal In de ontwikkeling van het Nederlands zijn economisch en cultureel dominante steden niet altijd ook linguïstisch dominant.
On April 19th, FWO fellow Iris Van de Voorde will defend her joint PhD (VUB-Leiden) entitled:
Pluricentriciteit in de taalgeschiedenis. Bouwstenen voor een geïntegreerde geschiedenis van het Nederlands (16de – 19de eeuw)
(Co)supervisors: Prof. dr. Rik Vosters (VUB), Prof. dr. Marijke van der Wal (Leiden), Prof. dr. Gijsbert Rutten (Leiden), Prof. dr. Wim Vandenbussche
On April 12th, CSC researcher Rui Guo successfully defended her joint PhD (VUB-Antwerp) entitled:
When chopsticks meet forks: A linguistic landscape study on Chinese communities in multilingual Antwerp and Brussels
Supervisors: Prof. dr. Rik Vosters (VUB) Prof. dr. Mieke Vandenbroucke (UAntwerpen)
Congratulations, Dr. Guo!
The following article appeared as part of the Bladspiegel blog (Universiteit Antwerpen), written by Tine Van den Poel De Clippeleire
(link)
When chopsticks meet forks: a sociolinguistic story of Chinese entrepreneurs in Antwerp and Brussels
The ornate gate at the top of the street immediately gives it away. Or else, the restaurant and shop signs would: the Van Wesenbekestraat is unmistakenably the heart of Antwerp’s Chinese community. Rui Guo examined in both Antwerp and Brussels these displayed texts that make up the linguistic landscape. Her PhD research casts light on the Chinese diaspora in Belgium.
Dutch and French are not the only languages
Belgium is a linguistically and culturally diverse nation. It is home to many international institutions and different immigrant groups from various places across the globe. “Many studies focusing on the interaction of different languages in Belgium, especially in the context of Brussels, are very often limited to a strong focus on the dichotomy between Dutch and French as the two officially recognised majority languages,” says Rui Guo (VUB & UAntwerpen). “Studies investigating in depth the – especially smaller – immigrant languages are comparatively rarer. Even larger-scale overview studies of language proficiency and use in various social domains, such as Rudi Janssens’ Taalbarometer surveys, struggle with an underrepresentation of smaller linguistic communities.” For her doctoral research, Rui Guo examined the language use of one of these smaller immigrant groups by looking at Chinese minority groups in multilingual Antwerp and Brussels.
The use of Chinese in the streets of Antwerp and Brussels
Guo: “Chinese shops and other small businesses in the many Chinatown ethnic neighbourhoods throughout Europe use written texts and visual resources in their advertisements, signs, and naming practices. They attract a wide range of customers, including locals and tourists alike, and both from a Western or non-Western background. Walking around the streets of Chinese neighbourhoods in Europe, you will notice that the displayed signs also have different compositions. You can even find this variety in the different neighbourhoods within the same city.”
“A historical and comparative study of the public display of textual and visual communication on signs in three Chinese neighbourhoods in Belgium is important to understand the identity construction of Chinese immigrants. This research also shows how they carry out their commercial businesses in Belgium, which is a totally different context than their regions of origin. One of the questions that my PhD addressed was why ethnic Chinese neighbourhoods have very different outlooks in various cities in Belgium,” says Guo. This diversification is illustrated in the photographs above: in Antwerp and in Brussels’ Quartier Dansaert and Midi area.
Contact
Rui Guo | Rui.Guo@uantwerpen.be / Rui.Guo@vub.be
On 18 January 2022 (9am – 12pm CET), the Historical Sociolinguistics Research Program (Vrije Universiteit Brussel) is organizing an expert workshop on dialect contact.
9:00 – 9:10 | Introduction and welcome |
9:10 – 9:35 | Joshua Brown (Australian National University)
Dialect contact, standardization, authority |
9:35 – 10:00 | Randi Neteland (Universitetet i Bergen)
Dialect contact: the role of the broader social context |
10:00 – 10:25 | David Britain (Universität Bern)
Looking for calm within the storm – dialect contact research and its elephants in the room |
10:25 – 10:45 | Break |
10:45 – 11:05 | Project presentation: Dialect contact and standardization in 16th-century Antwerp |
11:05 – 11:35 | Responses by invited experts (10 min. each) |
11:35 – 12:00 | General discussion and conclusions |
The workshop will take place online. Send an email to Julie (dot) Van (dot) Ongeval (at) vub (dot) be to receive the link if you wish to attend.
This brief talk will consider some methodological questions researchers face when dealing with questions of dialect contact, standardization, and authority in the past. Social events during the early modern period, such as mass emigration, constant war, increased trade, and rapid urbanization, are characteristic of many locations across Europe. In Italy, these phenomena brought speakers of different ‘dialects’ into contact at the same time as a standard was evolving. A parallel development saw the rise of linguistic academies endowed with particular authority to make linguistic pronouncements, in an (often futile) attempt at inducing what was believed to be appropriate linguistic behaviour. How is one best placed to deal with dialect contact, standardization, and authority, when these terms are often ambiguous in the research literature, in different linguistic traditions, and across varied European contexts?
This talk considers what ‘dialect contact’ might mean and how it can be usefully applied to the other two terms in the title. I consider how data from northern Italy, in particular 1pl. verb ending –emo, can be considered as both dialectal and standard, according to the relative status assigned in the conflicting norm. This status, in turn, leads to the ongoing question of different types of standards, such as ‘incipient standard’ (Ammon 2003: 2), ‘informal standardization’ (Tuten 2001: 327), ‘ideology’ (Milroy 1991: 19), ‘failed standardization’ (Brown 2020), or standards with a ‘pluricentric base’ (Grübl 2013). The aim of the talk is to show how forms of dialect contact in the past can be interpreted in different ways according to the socio-spatial dynamics of the historic context, but also the theoretical framing of the questions posed by the researcher.
Ammon, Ulrich. 2003. On the social forces that determine what is standard in a language and on conditions of successful implementation. Sociolinguistica 17. 1–10.
Brown, Joshua. 2020. Language history from below. Standardization and koineization in Renaissance Italy. Journal of Historical Sociolinguistics. 6(1): 1-28.
Grübl, Klaus. 2013. La standardisation du français au Moyen Âge: point de vue scriptologique. Revue de Linguistique Romane 77. 343–383.
Milroy, James & Lesley Milroy. 1991. Authority in language: Investigating language prescription and standardisation. London: Routledge.
Tuten, Donald. 2001. Modeling Koineization. In Laurel J. Brinton (ed.), Historical linguistics 1999: Selected papers from the 14th international conference on historical linguistics, Vancouver, 9-13 August 1999, 325–336. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
In my research on dialect contact I have mainly worked on new dialect formation in industrial towns in Norway. New dialect formation is often considered a special case of dialect contact, as a new dialect formation situation is characterized by a sudden rise in the degree of linguistic variation in the local community, for example due to high immigration rates over a short timespan. It is also documented that most koine formation process follow a particular pattern where the various dialects in contact are levelled out, over a few generations, and a new dialect emerge. The formation of the new dialects in my research also conform to this pattern. However, when looking at the linguistic outcome of the koine formation processes, it is quite clear that the features that succeed in the levelling process are not necessarily majority variants in the feature pool of the dialects in contact; they may also be traditional local variants or standard language variants. In my opinion, this is because the contact situation is not set in a social vacuum, but happens in a broader social context of language use in the region or the nation. The language ideologies and language use patterns of the society at large, as well as ongoing linguistic changes, influence which features are used locally, i.e. the feature pool, and the new dialect that is formed is not only influenced by the dialects in contact, but also by these contextual factors. In my presentation I will give a few examples from my ongoing research on new dialect formation in Narvik and Kiruna, “twin” towns on the border of Norway and Sweden, to highlight how the different standard language ideologies and differences in standard language use in the two countries, influenced the linguistic outcome of the new dialect formation in these two towns.
The now 40+ year old research focus on contact approaches to dialectology (e.g. Trudgill 1986, Siegel 1985) has in some respects embraced, both methodologically and theoretically, some of the criticisms of the highly sedentarist and authenticist approaches to language variation that preceded it (and which continue to compete with it). Rather than entirely shunning mobile people (as traditional dialectology did and much of variationist sociolinguistics still does), it has investigated what happens when speaker contact, of different kinds, and of different durations, often motivated by mobility, brings distinct dialects together in interaction. Today, we have a rich understanding of the kinds of linguistic processes that typically occur in these contexts, and we have used these to help explain, for example, historical colonial dialect formation, supralocal regional dialect formation, second dialect acquisition, innovation diffusion, new dialect genesis and so on (see Britain 2018 for a summary). In so doing, contact dialectologists have been at the cutting edge of work aiming to describe dialect in ways that better represent how contemporary communities are made up.
Here I want to reflect, both theoretically and methodologically, however, on dialect contact research’s elephants in the room: “large presences that we collectively ignore, issues that we set aside in order to get on with our research enterprise. One might say we can’t do research without elephants, for if we didn’t take some things as given, we’d never be able to investigate anything. But eventually we have to look at those givens” (Eckert 2003: 392). What is it that we continue to tidy up and sanitise, what is it that we continue to ignore or put to one side, in order to try and find order in dialect diffuseness, to find descriptive ‘calm’ in the ‘storm’ of speakers and their speech communities in contact?
Dialect contact research, I will argue, still embodies some of the sedentarist tendencies of our predecessors in traditional dialectology, and of our colleagues in variationist sociolinguistics – it makes assumptions we need to question, assumptions which rely on stasis as the norm, rather than on mobility. Mobility is still seen as ‘special’ rather than as banale, rather than as ordinary, rather than as to be expected. My aim is not to undermine what has been achieved, but, following Eckert, to reflect upon what our achievements in the field have helped us take for granted, and upon the challenges that still face us.
Britain, David. (2018). Dialect contact and new dialect formation. In Charles Boberg, John Nerbonne & Dominic Watt (eds.), Handbook of dialectology. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. 143–158
Eckert, Penelope. (2003). Elephants in the room. Journal of Sociolinguistics 7: 392–7.
Siegel, Jeff. 1985. Koines and koineization. Language in Society 14. 357–378.
Trudgill, Peter. (1986). Dialects in Contact. Oxford: Blackwell.
Julie Van Ongeval (Vrije Universiteit Brussel)
Rik Vosters (Vrije Universiteit Brussel)
Bart Lambert (Vrije Universiteit Brussel)
Chris De Wulf (Universität Zürich)
On October 14th, CSC researcher Xiangyun Li (VUB) successfully defended her PhD entitled:
Language maintenance in a highly multilingual context: A case study of Chinese communities in Brussels
Supervisor: Prof. dr. Rik Vosters (VUB)
Congratulations, Dr. Li!
Abstract
This doctoral dissertation sets out to investigate the maintenance of the immigrant heritage language and culture in Chinese communities in Brussels. Brussels is an officially French-Dutch bilingual city, yet in reality, it is profoundly and increasingly multilingual. Earlier research on the linguistic situation in Brussels has predominantly focused on the competing dominant languages, resulting in very limited scholarly and societal attention paid to smaller language communities. This study addresses this blind spot by exploring the language situation of one of the ‘forgotten’ or ‘overlooked’ immigrant minority language groups in multilingual Brussels, as well as the endeavors made and challenges faced by group members to retain their heritage language and culture in the Chinese diasporas.
Drawing on the theoretical framework of language ecology on the one hand, and language planning and policy on the other hand, this study discusses the issues involved in language maintenance, on the basis of the ethnographic data collected in the Chinese communities and two Chinese heritage language schools in Brussels. The dissertation is built around four case studies, centering around the processes and outcomes of Chinese heritage language and culture maintenance in a highly multilingual migration context and involving multiple agents (communities members, heritage language learners, educational practitioners, and immigrant parents) at multiple sites (communities, schools, and families). The first case study aims to construct a broad overview of self-reported language repertoires, proficiencies and practices in the Brussels Chinese communities. We investigate the linguistic profile of the communities members coming to Brussels at different periods and find evidence of a community-level language shift towards more complex multilingual repertoires, with an increased role for English and Mandarin, in tune with Brussels’ increasingly international and multilingual context. In the following case studies that were carried out in two Chinese community schools, we describe the beliefs and practices of educational practitioners and students concerning their teaching and learning of Chinese heritage language and culture. In the second case study, we took a language policy perspective to observe how the declared and perceived Mandarin-only policies are transformed and negotiated by educational practitioners and students into multilingual practiced policies at the institutional, classroom and individual levels to varying degrees. In the third case study that focuses on Chinese culture, we unveil how educational practitioners and students downplay the goal of maintaining Chinese culture, and paradoxically instrumentalize heritage culture to serve language teaching and learning in practice, while flexibly adapting Chinese culture to the specific diasporic context. In the final case study, with the focus upon the maintenance outside of the school context, we highlight the influence of family language policy developed by parents on the agency of the heritage language learners in maintaining Chinese language and culture, by exploring students’ relevant activities outside of the Chinese community schools and their general attitudes toward heritage languages and cultures.
In combining all of these angles and sources, this dissertation has revealed a complex interplay of structural forces and multiple stakeholders across spaces in the processes of maintaining Chinese immigrant heritage language and culture. We suggest that the benign mechanism for maintaining the heritage language and culture in a multilingual migration context is advanced through the joint efforts of the stakeholders in multi-faceted and multi-layered manners. We believe that this dissertation has shed important light on the maintenance of the Chinese language in a decidedly multilingual diasporic context and will serve as an invaluable point of reference for the research on language maintenance and shift more generally.
Vakgroep Linguistics and Literary Studies
Faculteit Letteren en Wijsbegeerte
Vrije Universiteit Brussel
The Department of Linguistics and Literary Studies in Vrije Universiteit Brussel seeks to appoint a fixed-term research assistant (‘wetenschappelijk medewerker’) for the project entitled “A Digital Collaborative Platform for Minority Language Education in Brussels”.
The project is part of the BeTalky 2021-2022 project call, led by Sven Gatz, minister responsible for the promotion of multilingualism in Brussels. Further background information on the project can be found in the news releases at VUB supports multilingualism in Brussels with BeTalky grant and Brussels initiative aims to preserve the use of non-Belgian languages.
The post is part-time (40%) on a fixed term of 10 months. The post-holder will ideally be in post on 15 September 2021. The post-holder will be employed as a fixed-term ‘wetenschappelijk medewerker’ (salary scale 502).
The post-holder will be responsible for carrying out the project with day-to-day tasks, including coordinating fieldwork arrangements, communicating with the relating institutes of education and stakeholders, contributing to fieldwork data and analysis, literature searching and collecting resources, and implementing the field work data and the selected resources.
Candidates with an interest to pursue a PhD in a topic linked to the project are also welcome to apply, as we can explore possibilities for additional funding for PhD research.
The post-holder will be embedded in the Department of Linguistics and Literary Studies, as part of the Center for Linguistics (CLIN) as well as the Brussels Institute for Applied Linguistics (BIAL), under the supervision of Prof. Dr. Rik Vosters and Dr. Jianwei Xu.
A master’s degree in linguistics, applied linguistics, sociology, gender and diversity studies, social sciences, or a related relevant field, with a demonstrable interest in issues related to the project.
All applicants are asked to submit the following documents and preferably combine them into one PDF document with the candidate’s name:
Please send your applications to Prof. Rik Vosters (rik.vosters@vub.be). Informal enquiries can also be directed to Prof. Vosters.
Closing date: 27 June 2021
We will notify you on the status of your application at various points throughout the selection process.
Interviews are scheduled to take place (in person or digitally) on July 1st. Please indicate in your application if and when you are available on this date.
This project is supported with a grant from the government of the Brussels Capital Region – Minister van de Brusselse Hoofdstedelijke Regering Sven Gatz, belast met de promotie van meertaligheid